Shrinking workforce a growing problem for Murmansk’s economy
Over the last five years, the economically active population of this region in northwest Russia has shrunk by more than 10 percent.
The Russian Arctic region was once a thriving place with a population of more than one million. In year 1989, the demographic development peaked at 1,164 million. People from all over the Soviet Union moved north of the Arctic Circle to get well-paid jobs in the fisheries, defense industry or mining companies. The region located by the Barents Sea coast could offer high salaries, vacations by the Black Sea and early retirement.
Back in 1989, the workforce totaled about 743,600 people, or 63 percent of the population. Since then, a lot has changed. By 1 January 2018, the population had shrunk to below 754,000 and the workforce to only 445,500 people, data from Rosstat, the national statistics agency show (in Russian).
Dwindling workforce worries authorities and businesses
It is clearly a point of serious concern for the region that bids for status as Russia’s Arctic super-region.
The Murmansk Ministry of Regional Development now voices concern about the trend. According to the ministry, the economically active part of the population dropped by as much as 10,1 percent in the period 2013-2017. At the same time, the elderly non-active part of the population increased by 9,6 percent, the ministry informs (in Russian).
And the trend is due to continue. By 2022, the regional work force will shrink by another 5,1 percent, estimates from the regional government say.
The negative demographic development is a challenge for the companies that now are in the process of developing new big industrial project in the region. The new plant currently under construction by Novatek is alone to employ more than 6,000 people and Rosneft’s projected new oil service base will reportedly create 2,000 new jobs.
With a regional unemployment of only about 7 percent, the investors might have to employ workers on fly-in-fly-out basis for their new projects.
Regional planners do not foresee any change in the region’s long-term demographic development. According to the regional Prognosis report for the period until year 2035, the population could over the next ten years drop to less than 705 000 and the workforce to only about 400 000.
Raising the retirement age, a risky solution
The negative demographic trend in the country is one of the reasons why the Russian government has decided to raise the pension age from the current 60 years for men and 55 years for women to respectively 65 years and 63 years by 2034.
A wave of public protests has subsequently rolled over the country, and in Murmansk about 300 people took part in a protest rally that ended up on the doorstep of the government building. With the new pension age, people will hardly have time to retire before they pass away, the protesters argue.
The new bill presented by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev in June does include some beneficial conditions for people living in the north, who will get a retirement age of 58 and 60 years respectively. But that is not enough, the protesters say.
In Murmansk, life expectancy is now 65,7 years for men and 75,6 years for women.
In a comment, the regional Ministry of Economic Development now makes clear that it will do what it can to support a new proposal raised this month by President Vladimir Putin. That proposal includes special support arrangements for the people approaching retirement age.
In the last five years ahead of retirement, people will be protected from dismissals and unemployment support will be increased. The Murmansk government says it is taking legislative measures to keep its current benefits and social support arrangements for people approaching retirement age.
But at the same time, it also makes clear that the raise of the retirement age simply is necessary in order to preserve economic development.
Related stories from around the North:
Canada: Access to affordable housing a challenge in Northern Canadian cities, CBC News
Finland: Finnish state should invest in services to keep rural areas populated: poll, YLE News
Norway: More people now live in Oslo than in most of northern Norway, The Independent Barents Observer
Russia: Population dropping in Northwestern Russia, The Independent Barents Observer
Sweden: Small town hopes to reverse depopulation trend affecting rural and Northern Sweden, Radio Sweden
United States: Can Alaska handle its senior population growth?, Alaska Dispatch News
