Saami Council says planned Arctic railway threatens reindeer herders

A railway will affect the income and existence of the reindeer herding communities in the entire area from Rovaniemi in Finland to Kirkenes in Norway.

“I can clearly state that there is no way for a railway from Rovaniemi to Kirkenes to be built without harming Sámi culture, traditional Sámi reindeer herding and fishing,” says President of the Saami Council, Åsa Larsson Blind, to the Barents Observer.

The Saami Council is a non-governmental organization promoting Sámi rights and interests. The council has Sámi member groups in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden.

In a statement, the council says no matter what path options are chosen, either on the eastern or western side of Lake Inari, such railway would cut trough important reindeer pastures and migration patterns.

“A failure to fulfill the rights of the Sámi to participate in the decision-making process of an industrial project of such dimensions is, in our view, a clear breach of international law”, the statement reads. It continues: “The process of the Arctic railway project will deny the Sámi people their fundamental rights and encroach both upon land rights and culture as well as language as a whole.”

Åsa Larsson Blind says the reindeer herding districts working in the area of the planned route on both the Finnish and Norwegian side of the border clearly oppose the plans.

“On the basis of their position, I do not see that the railway could be built”, Larsson Blind says.

The Saami Council President argues that international law gives the Sámi people the right to consultation and to consultations conducted in good faith in order to fulfill the right to free, prior and informed consent.

“This means that without Sámi right holders consent, the railway can not be built.”

Connecting Berlin to Norway’s Arctic

With the aim of linking European and Asian trade routes via the Arctic Ocean, the Finnish and Norwegian Ministries of Transport have decided that a railway route from Rovaniemi to Kirkenes is the most realistic routing. A bilateral task force group is now working on a study.

Visiting Kirkenes earlier this year, Finland’s Minister of Transport, Anne Berner, said such a railway would be a unique connection between the Arctic Ocean and Central Europe. “From the Norwegian Arctic coast – via Finland – and all the way to Berlin.”

“This is a vision which we are strongly committed to and that we do want to explore”, Berner said.

Open door to more industrial activity

Åsa Larsson Bline believes an Arctic railway could be a door opener for other industries posing additional troubles for reindeer herders and other nature-based industries core to Sámi culture.

“Based on our experience from other parts of Sápmi, we know that when large encroachments like this railroad are established there are likely more industrial activities to come. Accessibility is crucial for large-scale industrial activities, and plans of a large railway like this are likely to attract attention from mining industry and others.”

The Saami Council statement, made after a dialogue meeting in Inari last week with the reindeer herding districts, says preservation of reindeer husbandry, traditional land use and traditional Sámi land is the foundation for the survival of Sámi language and culture.

“The Arctic Railway will inflict major encroachments on, and fragmentation of, large and important Sámi reindeer pastures and nature areas.”

Line would cut through protected forest

If built, the railway from Rovaniemi to Kirkenes will be about 500 kilometers, of which the main part will be on the Finnish side of the border. If a path east of Lake Inari is chosen, the railway will have to cross by the Øvre Pasvik National Park, a protected taiga forest area international conservation groups now argue should be expanded because of its biodiversity in times of climate change.

The Saami Council requests the ministers to carry out consultations with relevant Sámi rights holders and The Sámi Parliaments of Finland and Norway in order to ensure that the Sámi rights and needs are protected at an early stage before decisions are to be made. It is important that the responsible authorities carry out consultations in good faith in order to fulfil the rights of the Sami to free, prior, and informed consent.

Åsa Larsson Blind does not think a railway will do good for tourism in the north.

“For those believing that this railway would be positive for the tourism industry, they should think once or twice about the great impacts this railway would have on the nature and environment”, she says.

Related stories from around the North:

Canada: Indigenous groups prompt Canadian province to reconsider caribou designation, Eye on the Arctic

Finland: In Santa’s hometown, are tourism and a railway threatening Sámi culture?, Cryopolitics Blog

Norway: Norway and Sweden in quarrel over cross-border reindeer grazing, The Independent Barents Observer

Russia: Russia plans fenced parks to confine reindeer herding in Arctic, The Independent Barents Observer

Sweden: Indigenous reindeer herders request emergency aid after drought, wildfires ravage Sweden, Eye on the Arctic

United States: Amid shrinking sea ice, hunters race to adapt in Alaska, Alaska Public Media