In Northern Canada, researchers pull big fish from lakes in hopes of reducing toxic mercury risk
Researchers aim to limit the amount of mercury in the ecosystem in the Northwest Territories (Northern Canada) by removing contaminated fish from lakes, leaving young, healthy fish to grow mercury-free.
The University of Waterloo, Environment Canada and the Dehcho First Nations are leading this work, dubbing Sanguez Lake, near Jean Marie River, N.W.T. as the test site for the project.
Heidi Swanson, the lead researcher and assistant professor at the University of Waterloo, said older fish usually have a higher concentration of mercury and isolating them could help lower the overall mercury levels in the ecosystem.
“What we’re trying to do is take out the oldest, largest pike,” Swanson said. “If you take out a whole bunch of the big fish … the other fish left have more to eat and they grow faster. When they grow fast they tend to have low mercury.”
The faster fish grow the less likely they are to be contaminated by mercury, she added.
These tests follow similar methods used in harvesting fish in Sweden, Finland and Norway; where older larger fish were taken from their habitat. As the smaller fish grew they had less mercury in their system.
Swanson says she hopes for similar results with fish near Jean Marie River.
“In every lake there are really safe and healthy sources of fish,” she said. “We want people to feel confident in making their traditional food choices.”
Permafrost often behind increased mercury levels
Melting permafrost has been identified as one reason why mercury levels are increasing, but not all lakes are seeing the same rate of mercury elevation.
Swanson and her team have researched mercury levels in the territory’s lakes since 2013. The research’s overall mission is to find why mercury levels vary in lakes across the Northwest Territories.
In lakes near Kakisa, N.W.T., algae slows the effects of mercury on fish living there, Swanson explained.
“It dilutes the mercury level out and makes the fish grow really fast,” she said. “When fish are growing fast they tend to have low mercury,” she said.
Research on human levels has a positive result
The researchers are also examining the effects of mercury on people living in the Dehcho and Sahtu regions in the territory.
There doesn’t seem to be an issue with people who have eaten the contaminated fish, explained George Low, who co-ordinates the aquatic resources and oceans management program for the Dehcho First Nations.
“Fish is probably one of the best protein diets you could have,” he said. “We don’t want to discourage people from eating fish but we also have to make sure if there’s a problem they’re not exposed overly to that problem.”
Despite worries from some people about eating contaminated fish, they shouldn’t be concerned, Low said.
“When you start a study like this everybody is saying ‘I’m not eating any fish any more’ or that sort of thing but you need to put it into perspective that there is a lot of good fish out there,” said Low.
Community updates before the new year
So far, researchers studied 11 lakes in the Northwest Territories, Low explained.
Representatives from the research team will meet with community members from the communities of Wrigley, Jean Marie River and Fort Simpson by the end of the year to provide an update on mercury levels.
Earlier this month the federal government committed over $33,000 to the project through Northern Contaminants Program.
Related stories from around the North:
Canada: Infamous tar pit in northwestern Canada gets clean-up after 73 years, CBC News
Finland: Is toxic waste behind dead mussel horde in Finnish river?, Yle News
Norway: Climate change is driving micro-algae blooms into High Arctic and may affect food chains, says study, Eye on the Arctic
Russia: Russia’s Arctic nuclear dump could become promising fishing area, The Independent Barents Observer
Sweden: Researchers track pollution generated abroad for Swedish goods, Radio Sweden
United States: America’s most toxic site is in the Alaskan Arctic, Cryopolitics Blog
